The Dealul Melcului nature reserve is a protected area of county and national interest, according to Decision no. 162/2005 of the Harghita County Council and of the Law no. 5/2000.
Short description of the protected area Dealul Melcului (Firtuș) (nature monument) is a protected area of national interest that corresponds to the third category IUCN (geological nature reserve). Dealul Melcului is considered the largest occurrence of aragonite in Romania, having the status of national protection since 1980. The exploitation of aragonite began in 1911 by Knop Vencel, the teacher of Czech origin invited to teach at the Industrial School of Sculpture and Sanding stones from Zlatna. The professor moves to Corund and founds the Aragonite Grinding Plant. The apogee of the exploitation and processing of aragonite in Corund falls between 1931-1939. As a result of these mining activities, the diversified natural forms of deposits disappear forever.
The study of aragonite in the area dates back to the 18th, 19th centuries. János Bányai (1938) claims that these carbonate deposits were formed by precipitation processes from salty, carbonated solutions with low temperature.
Protected values : In the perimeter of the area there are two geological formations and important mineral deposits of aragonite, calcite, coralite and travertine deposits.
Although the reserve is not declared a SCI site, it still has 2 habitats of community interest: 7220 * Crusting mineralized springs with the formation of calcareous tuff ( Cratoneurion ) and 1310 Salicornia and other annual species that colonize swampy or sandy regions.
We also find rare plant species such as: * Anthericum ramosum , Aster linosyris , Cephalaria radiate , * Cirsium furiens , * Dactylorhiza sambucina , Inula ensifolia , Cirsium canine , Traunsteinera globose , Cephalantera longifolium , Orchis militaris etc
Geology : From a geological point of view, the surface includes formations of Neogene ages from the Sarmatian and Pannonian floor, represented by the contact of volcanic rocks, volcanic sedimentary formations (conglomerates, volcanic tuffs and scattered volcanic lava flows), with Pontic deposits. The age of the salt that pervades the upper rocks is estimated to be 14-20 million years old, the average Badenian. The flow of water from Dealul Melcului is in the form of a natural, active spring with linear drainage. At the base of the carbonate deposits, water emerges, bubbling hydrocarbon-smelling gases. The water that flows into the fans continuously builds a cone of aragonite the color of whey.
Hydrology: The water infiltrations are mostly due to the precipitation accumulated in the negative forms of relief: anthropocarst and landslide areas. There is a high density of springs, some carbonated, others carbonated minerals, others salty or complex. Their waters are gathered by 2 short streams, which reach the Corund stream.
Sourse: http://ananp.gov.ro/dealul-melcului/#
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